Lab+10+Plants

=__ Exercise 1. Plant Parts and Functions __= = = =  = The stalk is right side up and the tint did not reach the top. The vascular tissue is what is responsible for the above observation. [] A. The epidermis is a single layer of cells with a thick cuticle covering the outermost surface. B The collenchyma has cellulose thickenings in the corners of the cells. C The parenchyma has large cells with thin cell walls. D The vascular tissue is arranged as discrete collateral bundles. Each vascular bundle has phloem to the outside, xylem to the inside and cambium between. E. The sclerenchyma caps the vascular bundle. **1. What is the difference between transpiration and capillary action? Which did you see in this experiment?** Transpiration takes place when water vapor is lost from certain parts of plants. The most common part of the plant where it takes place is in the leaves, it also takes place in the roots, stems, and flowers. This process takes place through the stomata. Capillary action deals with liquid flowing up through a thin tube against gravity. It also allows the flow against the magnetic field induction. This happens because of the intermolecular forces between the solid surrounding the surface and the liquid. In this experiment both transpiration and capillary action are present when dealing with the red dye moving up through the celery. [] The xylem is a transport tissue that is found in the vascular cambium in a tree. The second transport tissue is the phloem which carries organic nutrients and sugar. The phloem makes up the bark of the tree. [] Yes, transpiration occurs because the dropping of leaves results from decidous, which is the falling off of during maturity. Transpiration therefore takes place during this process due to the liquid that is found in leaves. [] The link did not work for me but after searching online i found that sap is found in the xylem tissue. [] =__ Exercise 2. Osmosis and Diffusion __= = = __** A. Questions **__ Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration. This movement from high to low has to do with kinetic energy. [] Osmosis deals with moving solvent molecules into a higher solute concentration through a selectively-permeable membrane. [] The main difference between osmosis and diffusion is that diffusion deals with substances such as an air freshner diffusing it's scent in a room whereas osmosis only deals with the movement of water. [] Iodine is called an indicator because it is used in the experiement to show the contrast that takes place with the corn starch. The iodine also brings out more detail which makes the results clear. Also, iodine is an indcator because it is able to tell the difference between a base and an acid. [] "Semi" or selectively permeable means something that is partially permeable. It is generally used with gases or liquids when dealing with allowing certains substances to pass through while blocking other substances that are not needed. [] __** B. Questions **__ 2. Is the baggie or beaker more concentrated in iodine? ** The Beaker. ** 3. Iodine solution: is the baggie or the beaker hypertonic? ** The Beaker. ** 4. Starch solution: is the baggie or the beaker hypertonic? ** The Baggie. ** 5. Which one is hypotonic in relation to starch, baggie or beaker? ** The Beaker. __** C. Predictions **__ 2. If the baggie was permeable to iodine, which way would the iodine move, into or out of the bag? ** The iodine to move into the bag. ** 3. If the baggie was permeable to iodine, what color would you expect the solution in the baggie to turn? What about the solution in the beaker? ** The solution in the baggie to turn dark yellow. The solution in the beaker to turn a light gold color. ** 4. If the baggie was permeable to starch, what color would you expect the solution in the baggie to turn? What about the solution in the beaker? ** Both the baggie and the beaker to turn a white color. ** 5. Make a prediction about what you think will happen: ** The iodine, through osmosis, will move into the bag to affect the starch by changing the color.
 * __Terms__**
 * stems**- stems are the part of a shrub or plant that serves as the main body and normally grows in opposite direction of the root.
 * leaves ** - leaves are expanded parts of the stem which are usually green.
 * buds ** - buds are the stem or branch of the plant that is undeveloped or reudimentary.
 * roots ** - the roots are the fundamental part of a plant. They develop from the radicle and grow towards the soil in the ground.
 * flowers ** - plants that blossom. Part of a seed plant that compromises the reproductive organs.
 * fruit ** - the result from a plant growth that can be ate and is beneficial to animals or humans.
 * seeds ** - part of the flowering plant that is mature and fertilized. Contains either a rudimentary plant or an embryo.
 * 2. Where is xylem and phloem tubes found in a tree? **
 * 3. Does transpiration occur when the tree drops its leaves in fall? **
 * In which tissue is the sap found? **
 * 1. Define diffusion. **
 * 2. Define osmosis. **
 * 3. What is the main difference between osmosis and diffusion? **
 * 4. Why is iodine called an indicator? **
 * 5. Molecules tend to move from areas of __HIGHER__ concentration to areas of __LOWER__ concentration. **
 * 6. What does "semi" or selectively permeable mean? **
 * 1. Is the baggie or beaker more concentrated in starch? ** The Baggie. **
 * 1. If the baggie was permeable to starch, which way would the starch move, into the bag or out of the bag? ** The starch to move out of the bag. **

__** D. Data Table **__
 * || Starting Color || Color after 15 minutes ||
 * Solution in Beaker (iodine and water) || yellow || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">light yellow, golden ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Solution in Bag (starch and water) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">white || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">dark grayish blue ||

__**E. Analysis**__
 * 1. Based on your observations, which substance moved, the iodine or the starch?** Based on my observations the iodine was the substance that moved.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">2. How did you determine this? ** I determined this because the iodine affected the starch in the bag and the starch in the bag did not have an impact on the beaker.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">3. Is the plastic baggie selectively permeable? ** Yes because the iodine was only able to get through to impact the starch.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">4. Is the bag permeable to water? Why do you think so? **No because the starch could have sat in the water and nothing would have happened, but when the starch was put in the affects were visible.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">5. Was there a net gain of water into the bag? Did you measure the contents of the bag in ml after the experiment? What was responsible for your observation **? There was not a net gain of water into the bag from what I observed. The lab directions did not say to measure the contents in the bag after so there were no measurements made.